All of the medications, except for theophylline and itraconazole, are known to be substrates of CYP3A. This mechanism would account for the increase in levels of medications that are metabolized by CYP3A when concomitantly administered with grapefruit juice.Ī list of medications that have been shown, in clinical studies, to have an interaction with grapefruit juice can be found in the table below. In some cases, this may result in undesirable clinical effects of medications.Īdministration of grapefruit juice in humans results in a decrease in the level of CYP3A in the intestine 2, an important site for metabolism for many medications. However, since the accidental discovery of an interaction between the calcium channel blocker, felodipine, with grapefruit juice 1, it has now become evident that grapefruit juice has the potential to alter the plasma concentrations of many medications Many patients may take their medications with a glass of juice. This includes herbs, vitamins, homeopathic products, supplements, and over-the-counter medicines.Grapefruit Juice and Medications: A Potential for Adverse Events Tell your doctor and other health professionals about all the medicines you are taking.Tell your doctor if you are having unusual or uncomfortable side effects from your medicine.If you have questions, ask your doctor or pharmacist. Always read the warning labels for any medicine you are taking.Seville oranges (which are sometimes used in marmalade but not in orange juice), pomelos, and tangelos may also cause problems. Read the labels on foods and natural health products to make sure they do not contain grapefruit, grapefruit juice, or grapefruit extract.Before you take any medicine, ask your doctor or pharmacist if you can safely drink grapefruit juice.You can take steps to avoid problems with grapefruit juice and your medicine. If you are taking a medicine for high cholesterol, you may develop increased side effects.įor more specific information on the kinds of health problems you could have if you drink grapefruit juice while taking a certain medicine, talk to your doctor or pharmacist. In general, older people are more likely than younger people to have serious problems.įor example, if you are taking a medicine for high blood pressure, you may develop dangerously low blood pressure. Some problems are mild, while others are more serious. The problems you may have from taking medicines that are affected by grapefruit juice depend on the kind of medicine you are taking and how your body reacts. What can happen if grapefruit juice affects your medicine? Ask your doctor or pharmacist how much is safe for you. In many cases, you may be able to have a glass of grapefruit juice without problems.
footnote 2 Sometimes the effects of one glass of juice can last up to 3 days. footnote 1 It has been shown that even one glass of grapefruit juice-at any time of the day-is enough to cause certain medicines to work differently than they are supposed to. In general, the more grapefruit juice you have, the greater the possible effects. Some medicines may also have warnings on the "food-drug interactions" section of the bottle label. When you pick up a new medicine, your pharmacist will talk to you or give you written information about foods to avoid while taking your medicine. Medicines that are affected by grapefruit juice must have warnings in their patient information sheets. If your medicine is making you feel sick or is causing unusual or uncomfortable side effects, talk to your doctor.Īll new medicines are tested for problems caused by grapefruit juice before they are approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA). If you regularly drink grapefruit juice, ask your doctor or pharmacist if any of your medicines are affected by grapefruit juice. But more than 50 medicines are affected by grapefruit juice. And not all medicines for the health problems listed below are affected by grapefruit juice. Most medicines are not affected by grapefruit juice. Which medicines are affected by grapefruit juice? Having too much medicine in your blood increases your chances of having side effects. When a medicine does not get broken down properly in the intestines, you can have too much medicine in your blood. Grapefruit juice contains chemicals that can cause problems with enzymes that break down certain types of medicines in your intestines. Overview How does grapefruit juice affect medicines?
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